1. 以上三组，严格地说，甲为格言，乙为谚语。但是，由于人们教育水准的提高，这些带有文言色彩的格言也进入了口语。我们只能尽可能地加以区分，而不得不承认，实际上存在一些交错现象

1. Strictly speaking, in these three groups, A is a maxim, and B is a proverb. However, due to the improvement in people's educational levels, these maxims with classical Chinese characteristics have also entered everyday speech. We can only try to distinguish them as much as possible, but we have to admit that there are some overlapping phenomena in reality.

2. 曹沧州像个乡下佬，平常不欢喜开口，走路也是慢吞吞的。这天，他接到圣旨，顿时面如土色，抱着一家老小嚎啕大哭。他认定，西太后若不到不可救药的地步，是不会从京城到苏州来请他的，治不好西太后，医生要殉葬，自己这条命是有去无回了。可圣旨不能违拗，曹沧洲只好硬着头皮动身。他一到北京刚住下，就借口路上受了风寒，便卧床不起，其实生病是假：要摸慈禧太后生病的根子是真。头一件大事是查看她吃了些什么药？不查不知道，一查吓一跳。慈禧太后每天吃的山珍海味不说，单是人参一项，日日恨不得泡在参汤里洗浴。还有燕窝、银耳，更是当饭吃。曹沧洲想到，医书上早有记载：“滋补过多，必然食阻中焦，中焦闭塞，危在旦夕。”找出病源，他的胆子大了，便去替慈禧太后看病了。

2. Cao Cangzhou, like a country bumpkin, is not fond of speaking out, and walks slowly. That day, upon receiving the imperial edict, he turned pale as earth, and wailed and cried with his whole family. He believed that if the Empress Dowager Cixi was not at the point of no return, she would not have come to Suzhou from the capital to invite him. If he couldn't cure the Empress Dowager, the doctor would have to commit suicide as a form of burial, and his life would be over without a return. However, he could not defy the imperial edict, so Cao Cangzhou had to leave with a stiff upper lip. Upon arriving in Beijing and settling in, he claimed to have caught a cold on the way, and stayed in bed, not actually sick: his real intention was to uncover the root cause of the Empress Dowager's illness. The first big task was to find out what medications she was taking? Not knowing was not knowing, but once investigated, it was shocking. Not only did the Empress Dowager eat all sorts of delicacies every day, but she also longed to bathe in ginseng soup every day. There were also bird's nest and tremella, which she ate as if they were food. Cao Cangzhou thought to himself, the medical books have long recorded: "Overindulgence in tonics will inevitably block the middle burner, and if the middle burner is blocked, danger lies in the near future." After finding the source of the illness, his courage grew, and he went to treat the Empress Dowager.

3. 这类歇后语，是利用同音字或近音字相谐，由原来的意义引申出所需要的另一个意义。这类歇后语，往往要转几个弯，才能领悟它的意思。因而也更饶有兴味。

3. This type of idiom uses homophones or near-sounding characters to harmonize, deriving another required meaning from the original one. This type of idiom often requires several twists and turns to understand its meaning, making it all the more intriguing.

4. 揽身揽势：指搂搂抱抱的

4. Embrace the situation: refers to hugging and embracing.

5. 综上所述，谚语，俚语（描述性的俗语），歇后语，这三部分构成俗语的整体。俗语属于口语型的语句，与书面语型的成语、格言有所区别，它们是汉语的口语和书面语的两大系统。

5. In summary, proverbs, colloquialisms (descriptive idioms), and puns together constitute the whole of colloquialisms. Colloquialisms are oral-type statements that differentiate from written-type idioms and proverbs, and they represent two major systems of the Chinese language: oral and written.

6. 格言也总结知识经验，寓有思想意义。但仔细区分，仍稍有不同。格言所总结的知识经验主要是社会方面的，多属逻辑思维，是哲理性的语句，常出自名人名著；而谚语总结的知识经验不限于社会方面，也包括自然科学、生产实践（如农谚），它出自人民群众之口，多属形象思维，是文学性的语言。这种区别，应该把格言归入书面语一类，把谚语归入口语一类。但是，也难免有交错的情况。

6. Proverbs also summarize knowledge and experience and are imbued with thought-provoking significance. However, upon careful distinction, there are still slight differences. The knowledge and experience summarized by proverbs are mainly social in nature, often logical in thinking, philosophical in nature, and frequently found in the works of famous individuals; while the knowledge and experience summarized by sayings are not limited to social aspects, but also include natural sciences, production practices (such as agricultural sayings), and they originate from the mouths of the people, often employing figurative thinking, and are literary in language. This distinction suggests that proverbs should be categorized as written language, and sayings as spoken language. Nevertheless, there are inevitably cases of overlap.

7. 歇后语良莠不齐，有些歇后语内容和形象，均不见佳，有一部分，甚至是语言垃圾，不宜滥用。有些常用的歇后语，形象较好，前后结合得比较紧密，已经跟谚语、描述性的俗语（俚语）近似。如：

7. The proverbs are uneven in quality, with some containing inappropriate content and imagery. A part of them, even, can be considered linguistic garbage and should not be overused. Some commonly used proverbs have better imagery and are closely connected in meaning, approaching proverbs and descriptive colloquialisms (slang). For example:

8. 气呵气喘：上气不接下气

8. Panting heavily: Out of breath, unable to catch one's breath

9. 有一年，慈禧太后忽然得了重病，头痛，心痛，肚皮痛，病到奄奄一息的地步，急得满朝文武百官团团转。北京城里名医车载斗量，可是对西太后的病症，都束手无策。是没有本领吗？不是的，实在是责任太大，在用药上为难了，轻了不见效，重了怕万一失误，吃罪不起。所以，弄得慈禧太后的毛病一天危急一天，眼看就要横下来了。

9. One year, the Empress Dowager Cixi suddenly fell seriously ill, suffering from headaches, heartaches, and abdominal pain, and her condition was critical to the point of near death, causing great distress among the officials of the court. Beijing was home to many renowned doctors, but they were all at a loss to treat the Empress Dowager's illness. Was it due to a lack of skill? Not at all, the problem was the immense responsibility. The doctors found it difficult to choose the right medication; if it was too light, it didn't show any effect, but if it was too strong, they feared making a mistake that they couldn't bear. As a result, Empress Dowager Cixi's condition grew more serious day by day, and it seemed that she was about to pass away.

10. 这类歇后语，则是用某种或某些物件作比方。了解设比物的性质，也就能领悟它的意思。

10. Such riddles use certain objects as metaphors. Understanding the nature of the objects used in the metaphor will also enable you to grasp its meaning.

11. 总结一般生活经验的谚语：如“寒从脚起，病从口入”、“早晨起得早，八十不觉老”。

11. Proverbs summarizing general life experiences: such as "Cold starts from the feet, disease enters through the mouth" and "Rise early in the morning, and you won't feel old at eighty."

12. 潮汕简经典 歇后语

12. Chao-Shan Classic, Pun成语

13. 老猫烧须：比喻一个人对某技术、事物很熟悉但一时失手

13. Old cat burns its whiskers: A metaphor for a person who is very familiar with a certain technology or thing but makes a mistake momentarily.

14. ②三天打鱼，两天晒网（形象，八个字，成语→俗语）

14. ② Fish for three days and dry the net for two days (figurative, eight characters, idiom → colloquialism)

15. 在研究歇后语的渊源时，有些语言学家和语言学专著还述及其它有关名称。如陈望道在《修辞学发凡》中，将歇后语列入"藏词"格一节介绍；郭绍虞在《谚语的研究》中，指出歇后语源起于"射覆语"（类似猜谜的一种形式）；另外一些书上又列出诸如"隐语"、"谜语"、"谚语"、"缩脚语"、"俏皮话"等名称。加以比较，大都揭示出其中一些共同之处和相异之点。关于歇后语的分类，向无定说。何况还有不少歇后语，一身兼有几种性质，要划分得十分科学，是比较困难的。为了便于查阅，我们将歇后语条目中凡带有谐音字的归入一类，其余的按照比喻部分的性质分为三类。

15. In the study of the origin of puns, some linguists and linguistic monographs also mention other related names. For example, Chen Wangdao introduces puns in the section "Hidden Words" in his book "On the Art of Rhetoric"; Guo Shaoyu points out in his book "The Study of Proverbs" that the origin of puns dates back to "Shèifù language" (a form similar to guessing riddles); other books list names such as "Clandestine language," "Riddle," "Proverb," "Abbreviated language," and "Clever remarks." Through comparison, most of them reveal some commonalities and differences. There has been no definitive classification for puns. Moreover, many puns possess several qualities simultaneously, making it quite difficult to classify them scientifically. For ease of reference, we categorize the entries with homophonic characters into one category, and the rest are divided into three categories according to the nature of the metaphorical part.

16. 一个巴掌打不响--<孤掌难鸣>；

16. One hand cannot make a sound -- <A lone hand cannot make a sound>;

17. 知樫识俭：晓得精打细算

17. Know thrift: Know how to make careful calculations and save wisely.

18. 以上各组例句，甲、乙意思相同，甲为俗语，乙为成语。俗语以形象为主体；成语以精练为特色。俗语多为完整的句子，长短不一，运用时可以变通；成语多为四个字的稳定结构，形式整齐。俗语流行于人民群众的口头上，文字上保持着通俗的特点；成语多用作书面语，文字上趋向典雅。从这一比较中，可以从主要方面作出界定：俗语是以形象为主体的通俗的口语，它的结构形式相对稳定，而在实际运用中可以灵活变通。

18. In the above groups of example sentences, the meanings of A and B are the same. A is an idiom, and B is an idiom. Idioms are mainly characterized by imagery; idioms are characterized by conciseness. Idioms are mostly complete sentences, with varying lengths, and can be flexible in use; idioms are mostly stable four-character structures, with a neat form. Idioms are popular among the people and maintain the characteristics of通俗; idioms are mostly used in written language, and tend to be elegant in writing. From this comparison, we can make a definition from the main aspects: idioms are通俗spoken language with imagery as the main body, its structural form is relatively stable, and it can be flexible in actual use.

19. 曹沧洲未用上好良药，单开了一味草头药，只写了五个大字：萝卜籽三钱。看得众御医当场发呆，个个舌头伸多长的，认为这个乡下郎中是进京来送死了。他们都懂药性，萝卜籽是括油的，西太后一向要滋补身体，这药分明不合西太后的心意，但是曹沧洲亲手撮药，亲手煎药，亲手送药到西太后的卧室前，等候她喝下去以后，这才回到住所休息。

19. Cao Cangzhou did not use any good-quality medicine, but prescribed a single herb medicine, writing only five large characters: "Radish seeds, three qian." This left all the imperial physicians in a state of shock, with each of them sticking out their tongues so long, thinking that this country doctor had come to Beijing to die. They all understood the properties of the medicine; radish seeds are used to extract oil, and the Empress Dowager Cixi always needed to nourish her body. Clearly, this medicine did not meet the Empress Dowager's wishes. However, Cao Cangzhou personally prepared the medicine, personally brewed the medicine, and personally delivered it to the Empress Dowager's bedroom, waiting until she drank it before returning to his residence to rest.

20. 黑口黑面：满脸不高兴的样子

20. Black mouth and black face: A look of displeasure all over the face.

21. 蜘蛛能预测天气，主要是因蜘蛛对空气中湿度变化反应相当灵敏，在蜘蛛尾部有许多小吐丝器，吐丝器部分既粘又凉，当阴雨天气来临时，由于空气中湿度大，水汽多，水汽易在蜘蛛吐丝器部分凝结成小水珠，这样蜘蛛吐丝时感到困难，便停止放丝而收网。相反，当空气中湿度变小天气转好时，蜘蛛吐丝顺利，便张网捕虫了。

21. Spiders can predict the weather mainly because they are quite sensitive to changes in humidity in the air. Many small silk-producing organs are located at the tail of the spider, which are both sticky and cool. When rainy or cloudy weather approaches, due to the high humidity and abundant water vapor in the air, the water vapor tends to condense into small droplets on the spider's silk-producing organs. This makes it difficult for the spider to spin silk, so it stops releasing silk and retrieves its web. Conversely, when the humidity in the air decreases and the weather improves, the spider can spin silk smoothly, so it spreads its web to catch insects.

22. 横风横雨：刮大风，下暴雨

22. Gales and torrential rain: Blowing strong winds and heavy downpours

23. 大人弯，奴囝直(指大人说话讲究守口，小孩子天真无邪，想什么就说什么)

23. The adult is round and the child is straight (referring to the fact that adults speak cautiously and children are innocent and straightforward, speaking what comes to their mind).

24. 俗语，也称常言，俗话，这三者应该是同义词。俗语一词，已经普遍用作语言学的术语；常言一词，带有文言的色彩；俗话一词，则有口语的气息。

24. Idioms, also known as common sayings or colloquialisms, are essentially synonyms. The term "idiom" is widely used as a term in linguistics; "common saying" has a literary flavor; while "colloquialism" carries an oral or spoken sense.

25. 干手净脚：干脆又省事

25. Clean hands and feet: straightforward and convenient.

26. 还有，谚语为人们对生产,生活中长期积累的经验进行描述的简练语言，这个就是它的来源。。

26. Furthermore, proverbs are concise languages that describe the long-term experiences accumulated by people in production and life, which is where their origin lies.

27. 肚困胆青，青筋帐项，痹面痹耍，无头厚刀，企矮企徙，矮死倚箩，折撮落叫，柴目狗耳，有凶无门，青凶暴迫，除青去白，凶过竹称，空求空冻，抽三歇午;

27. Abdomen tight, veins blue, face numb and playful, thick blade without head, trying to stand tall but awkward, collapsing to lean on a basket, breaking into laughter, looking like a log with dog ears, dangerous without a door, fierce and oppressive, removing blue and white, danger surpassing the bamboo scale, in vain seeking emptiness and freezing, resting three times during the noonday break.

28. 抽喉拔舌，头蓬脚而，熬食熬担，橇过弄凉，富到流油，灵过鱼池，落雨答滴，透风雨落，雷筒天薛，乌模色暗，乌天地暗，大堂白日，猛火厚朥，青凹白啥;

28. Pulling the throat and yanking the tongue, head dangling and feet dragging, enduring hunger and hardship, scraping through life, wealthy to the point of dripping oil, spirited beyond fish ponds, rain drops answering, through the wind and rain, thunderous sky, dark like a black mold, the sky and earth are dark, the great hall in daylight, fierce flames and thick grease; green dents and white...

29. ①黄鼠狼看鸡，越看越稀（前为形象，后为解释，经验之谈→谚语）

29. ①The weasel watching the chickens, the more it watches, the rarer they become (the first part is a vivid image, the second part is the explanation, from experience to proverb)

30. ◆一天不练手脚慢，两天不练丢一半，三天不练门外汉，四天不练瞪眼看。

30. ◆If you don't practice for a day, your hands and feet will become slow; if you don't practice for two days, you'll lose half of your skills; if you don't practice for three days, you'll become an outsider; and if you don't practice for four days, you'll just stand there with a blank look.

31. 新科状元是苏州人，奏了一本，说苏州有位祖传名医叫曹沧洲，绰号赛华佗，有妙手回春之术，将他请来，或许太后的福体可以转安。

31. The new top scholar is from Suzhou. He submitted a memorial to the throne, saying that there is a famous physician in Suzhou with a family heritage, named Cao Cangzhou, known by the nickname "Second to no one in medical skill," who possesses the miraculous ability to bring back life. If he could be invited, perhaps the Empress Dowager's health might improve.

32. 歇后语，是我们中国人特有的智慧与趣味语言，也是民间爱用的一种语法。

32. The pun is a unique form of wisdom and playful language that is characteristic of the Chinese people, and it is also a grammar that is commonly used by the folk.

33. 临急开坑：近似于临阵磨枪指平时不努力，到关键时候才用劲儿

33. In a Hurry to Dig a Hole: Similar to "polishing the sword at the battlefront," it refers to not making efforts in daily life and only putting in effort when faced with a crucial moment.

34. 最早出现"歇后"这一名称的是在唐代。《旧唐书。郑綮列传》中就已提到过有所谓"郑五歇后体"（一种"歇后"体诗）。但它作为一种语言形式和语言表现，远在先秦时期就已出现了。如《战国策。楚策四》："亡羊而补牢，未为迟也。"意思是说，失了羊再去修补羊圈，还不算太晚。这是我们今天所看到的最早的歇后语。

34. The earliest appearance of the term "歇后" was during the Tang Dynasty. The "Old Book of Tang: Biography of Zheng Ji" has already mentioned the so-called "Zheng Wu Xiehou style" (a type of "Xiehou" poetry). However, as a form of language and language expression, it had already emerged long before the Warring States period. As seen in "The Strategies of the Warring States: Strategy of Chu, Volume Four": "It is not too late to mend the pen after losing the sheep." This means that it is not too late to repair the sheep pen after losing the sheep. This is the earliest idiom we see today.

35. 似模似样：看起来很象样

35. Make a show of it: Look very impressive

36. 捱更抵夜：熬夜，很晚都不休息

36. Staying up late: To stay up late and not rest until very late.

37. 俗语是口语型的，成语是书面语型的。这些语例，兼有俗语和成语的某些特点，看来俗语辞典、成语辞典都可以收录，好在这种情况并不算多。

37. Proverbs are of oral type, while idioms are of written language type. These examples have certain characteristics of both proverbs and idioms, so it seems that both the dictionary of proverbs and the dictionary of idioms can include them. Fortunately, such cases are not numerous.

38. 这是俗语的主要内涵，就外延来说，它跟成语难免有交错的情况。俗语虽然以形象为主体，但也不排除精练；成语虽然以精练为特色，但也不排除形象。成语虽然绝大多数是四字结构，但也有一些是由四个以上的字组成的；俗语句式虽然长短不齐，但也有少量是由四个字组成的。俗语虽然多为口语，但已广泛进入文学作品，甚至哲学、科技图书中也经常用到；而随着人们教育水准的提高，成语在口语中也经常使用。这样，俗语跟成语，就可能互相渗透，存在着交错现象。如：

38. This is the main connotation of the idiom. In terms of extension, it often overlaps with proverbs. Although idioms are mainly characterized by imagery, they are not excluded from brevity; while proverbs are known for their conciseness, they are not excluded from imagery. Although the majority of proverbs are structured in four-character patterns, there are also some that consist of more than four characters; the structure of idioms varies in length, but there are also a few that are composed of four characters. Although idioms are mostly colloquial, they have been widely incorporated into literary works, and are even frequently used in philosophical and scientific books; as people's educational levels improve, proverbs are also often used in colloquial speech. In this way, idioms and proverbs may permeate each other, exhibiting an overlapping phenomenon. For example:

39. 翘埋双脚：跷起二郎腿

39. Crossing your legs: to sit with one leg crossed over the other

40. 歇后语是广大人民在生活实践中创造的一种特殊语言形式。它一般由两个部分构成，前半截是形象的比喻，象谜面，后半截是解释、说明，象谜底，十分自然贴切。

40. The riddle is a special form of language created by the masses of people in their practical life experiences. It usually consists of two parts: the first part is a vivid metaphor, like the riddle's face, and the second part is the explanation and clarification, like the riddle's answer, which is very natural and fitting.

41. ③国家的事再小也是大的，个人的事再大也是小的

41. ③ Even if a matter of the state is small, it is still important. And even if a matter of an individual is big, it is still trivial.

42. 阴声细气：小声地说话

42. Whispering: Speaking in a low, soft voice

43. ⑤不敢越雷池一步（形象，精练，七字，俗语←→成语）

43. ⑤ Don't step beyond the forbidden territory (figurative, concise, seven-character, idiom ↔ proverb)

44. 身水身汗：满身都是汗，形容很累

44. All over sweat: Sweating all over, describing being very tired.

45. 认识自然和总结生产经验的谚语：如“长虫过道，大雨要到”、“东北有三宝：人参、貂皮、乌拉草”。

45. Proverbs that recognize nature and summarize production experience: such as "When the long worm crosses the path, heavy rain is coming" and "Northeast has three treasures: ginseng, mink fur, and Ula grass."

46. 无端白事：无缘无故

46. Pointless white matter: for no reason

47. 乌哩马岔：指字迹潦草、凌乱

47. Wurima Cha: refers to handwriting that is untidy and disorganized.

48. 空棺材出葬－<目（木）中无人>

48. Burial with an empty coffin - <Eyes (wood) without anyone>

49. 俗语和成语，有时候也可能互相转化，并同时存在。例如：

49. Proverbs and idioms can sometimes transform into each other and coexist simultaneously. For example:

50. 红膏赤舌，肥壮大健，面红贡赤，灵精活泼，灵精尼那，额神未根，瘦骨落肉，脚冻手薛，轻巴哩消，杉巴哩凉;

50. Red face and red tongue, plump and strong, face red as tribute, lively and spirited, the spirit is not rooted in the forehead, thin bones and fallen flesh, cold feet and hands, light and cool.