随着信息时代的到来，语言作为一种重要的信息载体，其结构和组织方式对信息的传递和理解至关重要。本文将围绕“中文句子成分思维导图：解析语法结构”这一主题展开，旨在通过思维导图的形式，直观地展示中文句子的成分及其内在逻辑关系，帮助读者更好地理解和运用中文语法。

1. This is the book for which you asked 这是你所要的书。(关系代词用作介词for宾语，之首，即which之前)

2. "句子成分好比一幅画，主语是画中的人物，谓语是画中的动作，宾语是画中的物体，修饰语是画中的细节。"

3. On the day before we left home there came a snowstorm 在我们离家的前一天，下了一场暴风雪。(before用作关系副词)

4. It was the largest map that I ever saw 那是我所看见过的最大的地图。(前有形容词最高级等的先行词之后多用that)

5. where在从句中用作地点状语，其先行词须是表地点的名词。如：

6. We told him to consult the doctor, which advice he took 我们叫他去看医生，他听取了我们的劝告。(关系代词which在从句中用作定语)

7. That’s the same man that asked for help the day before yesterday 这个与前天求援的是同一个人。(先行词前有指示代词same时应用that)

8. 用作定语的从句叫做定语从句(attributive clause)。定语从句通常皆置于它所修饰的名词(或代词)之后，这种名词(或代词)叫做先行词(antecedent)。引导宾语从句的关联词为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语等;关系副词在定语从句中只用作状语。如：

9. Who that you have ever seen can beat him in chess 你曾见过谁能在棋艺上打败他(避免与先行词who重复时应用that)

10. I have that which you gave me 我有你给我的那个。(which比较正式，在非正式英语中也可用that)

11. "句子的主语是阳光，谓语是风，宾语是彩虹，修饰语是花朵，状语是蓝天白云。"

12. I don't like the way that he talks 我不喜欢他说话的样子。

13. We don’t like the room, which is cold 我们不喜欢那个房间，它很冷。(which is cold=since it is cold)

14. The room which served for studio was bare and dusty 这个用作工作室的房间空荡荡的，布满灰尘。(关系代词which引导的定语从句紧跟其先行词room之后)

15. why在从句中用作原因状语，其先行词只有reason。如：

16. Do you know the reason why I came late 你知道我迟到的原故吗

17. There is much which will be unpleasing to the English reader 有许多东西将会使英国读者不愉快。

18. You spent more money than was intended to be spent 你花的钱超过了预定的数额。(关系代词than在从句中用作主语，其先行词是money)

19. "主谓宾，句子骨架；定状补，句子补充。成分得当，句子精彩。"

20. All who heard the story were amazed 听到这个故事的人都感到吃惊。(代词如he，they，any，all，one等之后多用who)

21. where的先行词亦可是有地点含义的抽象名词。如：

22. The man who I saw is called Smith 我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。(在非正式英语中who 代替了whom，亦可省去不用)

23. The people you were talking to are Swedes 你与之谈话的那些人是瑞典人。(关系代词主格who用作介词to宾语时，介词to须置于从句之末，who中口语中可省去)

24. This is the one of which I’m speaking 这就是我所讲的那个。(介词之后须用which)

25. This is the book which has been retranslated into many languages 这就是那本有多种译本的书。(关系代词which在从句中用作主语)

26. "句子成分如同家具，主语是床，谓语是柱，宾语是枕，状语是画，定语是旗，补语是帘。"

27. There are very few but admire his talents 很少人不赞赏他的才干的。(关系代词but在从句中用作主语，其先行词是few，but=who don’t)

28. The student who answered the question was John 回答问题的那个学生是约翰。(who answered the question是关系代词who引导的定语从句，用以修饰who先行词student，who在从句中用作主语)

29. 句子的重要修饰成分，它是从情况、时间、地点、方式、条件、对象、范围、程度等多方面对为谓语中心进行修饰或限制的语言单位，相关用法如下思维导图。

30. I think it is you who should prove to me 我认为是你应该向我提出证据。(在强调结构中多用who，who在此可省去)

31. A store should keep a stock of those goods which sell best 商店应存在最畅销的货物。(“those+复形名词”之后多用which)

32. I like to chat with John, who is a clever fellow 我喜欢与约翰交谈，他是个聪明人。

33. "中文句子中的固定搭配和成语的运用，凸显了中文语言的丰富性和文化内涵。"

34. That is no reason why you should leave 那不是你必须离开的原因。(why先行词是reason)

35. 前面多个句子都涉及到介词短语做状语和做定语，有时候很难分清介词短语在句子里是做状语还是定语，特别是介词短语放在句尾 ，而它前面正好是一个名词的时候。

36. He is not that man that he was 他已不是过去的他了。(that常用作表语)

37. 关系代词which在从句中可以用作主语和宾语，一般皆指物，在非正式文体中可以省去。

38. "主谓宾是句子的三足猫，定状补是句子的黄金杖，成分合理就能写出好文章。"

39. The distance that you are from home is immaterial 你离家的距离是不足道的。(在限制性定语从句中关系代词用作表语应用that，在描述性定语从句中则应用which)

40. I shall never forget the day when we first met in the park 我永远不会忘记我们在公园相见的那一天。

41. I know the reason why he was so angry 我知道他这么生气的原由。(why he was so angry是关系副词引导的定语从句，用以修饰why的先行词reason，why在从句中用作原因状语)

42. A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan 失去父母的孩子叫做孤儿。(属格关系代词whose在从句中用作定语，指人)

43. Is there a store around where we can get fruit 附近有可以买到水果的商店吗

44. Where is the book which I bought this morning 今天上午我买的那本书在哪儿(关系代词which在从句中用作宾语，可省去)

45. Then he met Mary, who invited him to a party 后来他遇到玛丽，玛丽邀请他去参加晚会。(who实际上=and she)

46. Every hour since I came has been most enjoyable 我来之后的每一个小时都是非常好玩的。(since用作关系副词)

47. Little do I remember the day that I first met her 我几乎不记得与她初次见面的日子。

48. that有时亦可用作表时间的关系副词。如：

49. "中文句子中的省略现象常常出现，可以通过上下文推断成分的意义和关系。"

50. "中文语法注重成分的平衡和修饰的恰当，使句子言简意赅、富有韵律美。"

51. 当先行词为the way的时候，关系副词也可以用that，例如：

52. He came last night when I was out 他昨晚来时我出去了。(关系副词when的先行词是last night)

53. "中文句子的主谓宾往往体现了时间、地点、方式、原因等不同的语义关系，丰富了句子的意义。"

54. "中文句子中的修饰语可以灵活地放在不同位置，更好地体现了中文的修辞之美。"

55. since，before，after亦可用作表时间的关系副词。如：

56. "中文语法重视修辞手法的运用，通过丰富的修饰语来增强句子的表达力。"

57. What is the name of the boy who brought us the letter 给我们带信的那个男孩叫什么名字

58. He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent 他是个外国人，我是从他的口音知道的。(关系代词as在从句中用作宾语，其先行词是前面的整个句子)

59. I want him, who knows some English 我要他，他懂得些英语。(who knows some English=for he knows some English)

60. The teacher told us that Tom was the only person that was reliable 老师告诉我们，汤姆是惟一可依赖的人。