1. 除四害健康小知识 1小学生健康小常识

1. Health Tips for Eliminating the Four Plagues 1. Health Knowledge for Primary School Students

2. 有传染性： 传染病病人必须隔离治疗;

2. Communicable: Patients with infectious diseases must be isolated and treated.

3. 养成良好卫生习惯，饭前便后洗手，不吃生、冷、变质食物，生食、熟食要分开存放，剩饭菜要热透(尤其是热天)，不随便到不卫生的摊点、饮食店就餐，防止病从口入。

3. Cultivate good hygiene habits, wash hands before and after meals, do not eat raw, cold, or spoiled food. Separate the storage of raw and cooked food. Reheat leftover meals thoroughly (especially during hot weather), do not dine at unsanitary stalls or restaurants, and prevent diseases from entering through the mouth.

4. 在灭蚊上，除了清除各种容器积水外，还将加强内河管理和疏通河道，清除水面和岸边的垃圾，这样可以减少蚊子繁殖生存的场地。

4. In the effort to control mosquitoes, in addition to removing the standing water in various containers, measures will be taken to strengthen the management of inland waterways and to clear the waterways, removing garbage from both the water surface and the riverbanks, thereby reducing the habitats where mosquitoes can breed and survive.

5. 急性肝炎： 起病急，畏寒、发热、全身乏力、厌油、恶心、呕吐、皮肤巩膜黄染;

5. Acute hepatitis: onset is acute, with symptoms such as aversion to cold, fever, general fatigue, dislike of oil, nausea, vomiting, and yellowing of the skin and conjunctiva.

6. 行性腮腺炎是由腮腺炎病毒所引起的急性呼吸道传染病。

6. Mumps is an acute respiratory传染病 caused by the mumps virus.

7. 目前常用的药物灭蚊方法有以下几种： （

7. The currently commonly used methods for drug-based mosquito control include the following:

8. 开展有益身心的文娱体育活动。环境保护 人人有责国家卫生城市对环境保护的要求国家卫生城市应在环境保护工作方面达到如下要求：环境保护工作成效显著，认真执行国务院“加强环境保护工作的决定”，加强污染治理，近两年来无重大污染事故。

8. Organize recreational and sports activities that are beneficial to both physical and mental health. Environmental Protection - Everyone's Responsibility The requirements of a national health city for environmental protection: The national health city should achieve the following requirements in environmental protection work: The effectiveness of environmental protection work is remarkable, the decision of the State Council on "Strengthening Environmental Protection Work" is implemented seriously, pollution treatment is strengthened, and there have been no major pollution accidents in the past two years.

9. 根治疟疾要规范，全程服药最关键

9. The eradication of malaria should be standardized, with full course medication being the most crucial.

10. 防止农药沾染皮肤，如果皮肤沾染农药要及时冲洗净。(

10. Prevent pesticides from contacting the skin, and if the skin is contaminated with pesticides, wash it thoroughly immediately.

11. 预防疟疾最有效的办法是防止蚊虫叮咬。

11. The most effective way to prevent malaria is to prevent mosquito bites.

12. 我们的目标是鼓舞、激励和引导各利益攸关方承诺推动全民健康覆盖：

12. Our goal is to inspire, motivate, and guide all stakeholders to commit to advancing universal health coverage:

13. 养成良好的口腔卫生习惯，做到饭后用温开水漱口，早晚各刷牙一次，每次应该刷3分钟。刷牙的次数不能太多，多了反而会损伤牙齿，刷牙的时间也不宜过长。

13. Develop good oral hygiene habits, ensuring to rinse your mouth with warm water after meals, brush your teeth twice a day, and each time you should brush for 3 minutes. Do not brush too often, as excessive brushing can damage your teeth, and the brushing time should also not be too long.

14. 传播途径： 主要经飞沫传播

14. Mode of transmission: Mainly transmitted through droplets

15. 心无烦恼菜根香，火气自消意自凉，淡食修身延性命，远离酒色身体康。

15. With a mind free of烦恼, the fragrance of root vegetables naturally dissipates the heat, cooling the spirit. Eating simply cultivates the body, prolonging life, and staying away from alcohol and sex maintains health.

16. 预防疟疾，保障健康

16. Prevent malaria, ensure health

17. 疟疾是一种可防可治的寄生虫病!

17. Malaria is a preventable and treatable parasitic disease!

18. 不吃淹死、病死的禽畜和水产品

18. Do not consume poultry, livestock, and aquatic products that have drowned or died of disease.

19. “洗手”是指使用洗手液或肥皂以及流动水洗手。正确洗手可以有效预防流感、手足口病、感染性腹泻等多种传染病。洗手时需采用正确洗手方法，洗手时长不少于20秒。七步洗手法牢记这句口诀：“内、外、夹、攻、大、立、腕”

19. "Washing hands" refers to washing hands using hand sanitizer or soap with running water. Proper hand washing can effectively prevent various infectious diseases such as influenza, hand, foot, and mouth disease, and infectious diarrhea. When washing hands, the correct hand washing method should be used, and the duration should be at least 20 seconds. Remember this mnemonic for the seven-step hand washing method: "Inside, Outside, Interlock, Attack, Large, Stand, Wrist."

20. 饮食七分饱运动三分跑，均衡新饮食健康你我跑。

20. Eat to seven parts full and run for three parts exercise; a balanced new diet keeps both of us healthy.

21. 消除疟疾危害，促进和谐发展

21. Eliminate the hazards of malaria and promote harmonious development

22. 今晚月色很好，苹果好像也比之前甜了，另外，祝你平安。

22. The moon is beautiful tonight, and the apples seem sweeter than before. Additionally, wishing you safety.

23. 全程服药，根治疟疾

23. Take the medication throughout the course to cure malaria.

24. 不吃没有卫生保障的食品，不吃没有清洗干净的食物，不喝生水。

24. Do not eat food without sanitation guarantees, do not eat food that is not cleaned properly, and do not drink unboiled water.

25. 消灭老鼠的主要措施？ ⑴整治环境、清理卫生、清除老鼠生存的环境； ⑵使用器械：例如老鼠夹子；粘鼠板，捕鼠笼等； ⑶使用化学灭鼠剂，溴敌di隆毒饵、大da隆毒饵、敌di鼠钠盐毒水等。 2。

25. What are the main measures to eliminate rats? ⑴ Improve the environment, clean up hygiene, and remove the environment where rats survive; ⑵ Use equipment: such as rat traps, sticky mouse boards, rat cages, etc.; ⑶ Use chemical rodenticides, including bromadiolone bait, diphacinone bait, sodium fluophate poison water, etc. 2.

26. 预防方法： 接种流脑疫苗;搞好环境卫生，保持室内通风，尽量避免到人多拥挤的公共场所，不与病人接触。

26. Prevention methods: Vaccination against meningococcal meningitis; maintain good environmental hygiene, keep indoor ventilation, try to avoid crowded public places with a large number of people, and avoid contact with patients.

27. 预防疟疾人人参与，健康生活家家受益

27. Preventing malaria is the responsibility of everyone, and healthy living benefits every family.

28. 消除疟疾危害，促进和谐发展?>

28. Eradicate the harm of malaria and promote harmonious development?

29. 发热病人要血检，防治疟疾早发现

29. Fever patients should have blood tests to early detect and prevent malaria.

30. 通过分享一些国家推进全民健康覆盖的实例，鼓励其他国家向此方向迈进。

30. By sharing some examples of countries advancing towards universal health coverage, encourage other nations to move in this direction.

31. 乙肝、丙肝、丁肝： 主要经血液传播，可通过输血、不安全注射、血透等途径传播，亦可经由母亲传给新生儿。

31. Hepatitis B, C, and D: Mainly transmitted through blood, can be spread through blood transfusions, unsafe injections, hemodialysis, etc., and can also be passed from mother to newborn.

32. 牙签和牙线的'使用：牙签对上年纪的人很适用，但年轻人最好不用，以免出现牙隙变大。牙签应选用清洁、不易折断、光滑、无毛刺，横断面呈扁圆形和三角楔形的。牙线对牙龈损伤小，较安全，但使用时用力要轻柔。注意不要压入龈沟以下过深的龈组织内。

32. Usage of Toothpicks and Floss: Toothpicks are suitable for elderly people, but it is best for young people not to use them to avoid the widening of dental gaps. Toothpicks should be chosen to be clean, not easily breakable, smooth, without splinters, and their cross-section should be flat圆形 and triangular wedge-shaped. Dental floss causes less damage to the gums and is relatively safe, but it should be used gently. Pay attention not to push it too deeply into the gingival sulcus, into the deeper gingival tissue.

33. 主要表现： 起病急，畏寒发热，头痛，全身乏力、酸痛，体质较弱的患者如老人、儿童可出现肺炎，剧烈咳嗽，呼吸急促。

33. Main manifestations: Acute onset, aversion to cold, fever, headache, general fatigue and aches, and weakness. In patients with weaker constitution, such as the elderly and children, pneumonia may occur, accompanied by severe coughing and rapid breathing.

34. 早期诊断和全程、足量的规范用药是治疗疟疾的关键。

34. Early diagnosis and full, adequate standardized medication throughout the course of treatment are the key to the treatment of malaria.

35. 预防方法： 搞好环境卫生，保持室内通风，尽量避免到人多拥挤的公共场所，不与病人接触;养成良好的个人卫生习惯，勤洗手;接种流感疫苗。

35. Prevention Methods: Maintain good environmental hygiene, ensure indoor ventilation, try to avoid crowded public places, do not come into contact with patients; develop good personal hygiene habits, wash hands frequently; get vaccinated against the influenza vaccine.

36. 呼吸道传染病： 传染性非典型肺炎、肺结核、流行性感冒、麻疹、流脑、流行性腮腺炎、白日咳、白喉、猩红热、风疹等;

36. Respiratory传染病: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Tuberculosis, Influenza, Measles, Meningitis, Mumps, Pertussis, Diphtheria, Scarlet Fever, Rubella, etc.

37. 使用蚊帐，远离疟疾

37. Use bed nets to stay away from malaria.

38. 空间喷雾这是一种快速灭成蝇的方法。 通常采用手动喷雾器、超低容量喷雾器或市售气雾罐。

38. Space Spray is a quick method for eliminating adult flies. It is usually applied using a hand-held sprayer, an ultra-low volume sprayer, or commercially available aerosol cans.

39. 在消灭苍蝇的方法上，也要求我们对果皮箱、垃圾房的及时清理。比如城市的每一个细小的角落。有集贸市场，小区的垃圾场，学校的厕所附近，等等，要加强管理，及时处理垃圾。还要定时打药消毒。较大规模的饭店和超市等，也要经常进行卫生清扫和消毒处理。

39. In terms of methods to eliminate flies, it also requires us to ensure timely cleaning of fruit and vegetable bins, and garbage rooms. For instance, every tiny corner of the city, such as marketplaces, community garbage disposal sites, and near school toilets, etc., needs to be strengthened in management and timely disposal of garbage. It is also necessary to carry out regular disinfection. Larger-scale restaurants and supermarkets, etc., should also regularly conduct hygiene cleaning and disinfection treatments.

40. 养成良好的饮食习惯 。吃东西时不要狼吞虎咽;吃东西时不要同时做别的事情，更不要相互追逐、打闹;一日三餐定时定量，不暴饮暴食。

40. Cultivate good eating habits. Do not eat in a hurry; do not multitask while eating, let alone chase and play with each other; have meals three times a day at regular times and amounts, and do not overeat.

41. 一些国家已在全民健康覆盖方面取得了重大进展。但世界上仍有一半人口无法获得所需的卫生服务。

41. Some countries have made significant progress in achieving universal health coverage. However, half of the world's population still cannot access the necessary health services.

42. 消除疟疾，共享健康

42. Eradicate malaria, share health

43. 常用药剂有25%溴氰菊酯可湿性粉剂、5%顺式氯氰菊酯可湿性粉剂和10%氯菊酯乳油，其用量分别为每平方米25毫克（蚊帐面积，下同）、每平方米40毫克和每平方米500毫克。操作步骤是先测量每顶蚊帐的吸水量，然后按用量称取药剂，溶解于水中，将蚊帐浸泡其中，吸水后晾干即可使用。

43. Common pesticides include 25% deltamethrin wettable powder, 5% trans-chlorfenapyr wettable powder, and 10% cypermethrin emulsion, with their respective dosages being 25 milligrams per square meter (tent area, the same below), 40 milligrams per square meter, and 500 milligrams per square meter. The operational steps are to first measure the water absorption of each tent, then weigh the pesticide according to the dosage, dissolve it in water, immerse the tent in it, dry it after absorbing the water, and it can be used.

44. 卫生知识小常识 （

44. Sanitation Knowledge: Little Common Sense (

45. 清热解毒马齿草，盐醋防毒消炎好。

45. To clear heat and detoxify with Portulaca oleracea, using salt and vinegar is good for preventing and treating infections.

46. 下面着重介绍毒鼠即药物灭鼠。灭鼠药分两大类：一类为急性灭鼠药，另一类为慢性灭鼠药。

46. The following focuses on the introduction of rodenticide, or drug-based rat control. Rodenticides are divided into two major categories: one is acute rodenticide, and the other is chronic rodenticide.

47. 如果你感染了霉菌性阴道炎，需要治疗的不仅是你，还有你的他，这样才会有预期的疗效。

47. If you are infected with a fungal vaginal inflammation, both you and your partner need to be treated for the expected therapeutic effect.

48. 防治疟疾，消除贫困

48. Prevent and control malaria, eliminate poverty

49. 不随意购买、食用街头小摊贩出售的劣质食品、饮料 。这些劣质食品、饮料往往卫生质量不合格，食用、饮用会危害健康。

49. Do not arbitrarily purchase or consume low-quality food and beverages sold by street vendors. These low-quality food and beverages often do not meet health standards, and consuming or drinking them can be harmful to health.

50. 与环境质量相关的指标达标。环境保护指标主要包括大气环境、水环境、声环境、烟尘控制区覆盖率、城市气化率、工业废水处理率、工业固化废物综合利用率、城市污水处理率等有关指标。

50. Indicators related to environmental quality meet the standards. The main environmental protection indicators include air environment, water environment, noise environment, coverage rate of smoke and dust control areas, urban gasification rate, industrial wastewater treatment rate, comprehensive utilization rate of industrial solid waste, urban sewage treatment rate, and other related indicators.

51. 消除疟疾，履行承诺

51. Eradicate malaria, fulfill the commitment

52. 轻轻松松来运动，清淡饮食身体好，不吸烟来不喝酒，拥有健康没烦恼。

52. Enjoy sports with ease, a light diet for a healthy body, no smoking and no drinking, health brings no worries.

53. 全社会共同防治疟疾

53. The whole society jointly prevents and treats malaria.

54. 灭鼠时的注意事项？ ⑴使用鼠夹和粘鼠板时应尽量放置靠近墙根； ⑵诱饵可使用新鲜花生米、油条、水果等； ⑶鼠yao要购买具有国家批准文号、定点鼠yao厂生产的毒饵（可上网查询真伪），不要使用生虫霉变的饵剂； ⑷毒饵放置位置应尽量隐蔽，避免小孩、家禽、家畜误食，造成中毒； ⑸灭鼠剂应使用国家允许的慢性灭鼠yao物，禁止使用毒du鼠强等违禁yao物； ⑹灭鼠剂使用中注意及时观察，及时补充鼠yao。 发现毒饵霉变时及时更换。

54. Precautions for rodent control? ⑴When using rat traps and sticky boards, try to place them close to the wall roots; ⑵Baits can include fresh peanuts, fried dough sticks, fruits, etc.; ⑶Purchase rodenticides with national approval numbers and toxic baits produced by designated rodenticide factories (you can check for authenticity online), do not use baits that are infested with insects or moldy; ⑷Place the toxic baits in as concealed locations as possible to avoid children, poultry, and livestock from accidentally eating them and getting poisoned; ⑸Use rodenticides that are allowed by the state for chronic rodent control, and prohibit the use of prohibited substances such as highly toxic rodenticides; ⑹During the use of rodenticides, be sure to observe promptly and replenish the rodenticides as needed. Replace the baits promptly if they are found to be moldy.

55. 烟草中的有害物质能损害呼吸系统，可引起支气管炎，肺癌等。

55. Harmful substances in tobacco can damage the respiratory system, causing bronchitis, lung cancer, and other conditions.

56. 早发现。早报告。早治疗。

56. Early detection, early reporting, early treatment.

57. 4月7日是世界卫生日，这一天有很多宣传活动，目的是为了普及卫生知识。

57. April 7th is World Health Day, and this day is filled with promotional activities aimed at disseminating health knowledge.

58. 常用的药物灭蝇方法有以下几种： （

58. Common methods for using drugs to kill flies include the following:

59. 消灭四害 人人有责除四害是创建国家卫生城市活动的重要内容之一。“四害”是指老鼠、蟑螂、苍蝇、蚊子。

59. Eradicating the Four Plagues: It is Everyone's Responsibility - Eliminating the Four Plagues is one of the important contents of the national health city creation activities. The "Four Plagues" refer to rats, cockroaches, flies, and mosquitoes.

60. 灭鼠可选用成品毒饵。在居室内和周围，毒饵沿墙根放置，或投于鼠洞口及鼠类活动场所，在室外可沿田埂等处布放。

60. Rodent control can be achieved using finished poison baits. Inside the residence and in the surrounding area, the baits should be placed along the base of the walls or thrown into mouse holes and areas where rodents are active. Outside, they can be placed along ridges of fields and similar locations.

61. 扎实开展健康创建活动，努力建设高水平小康社会。

61. Solidly carry out health creation activities and strive to build a high-level well-off society.

62. 我们面临结核感染的危险动员全社会共同关注结核病

62. We are facing the danger of tuberculosis infection and are mobilizing the whole society to pay attention to tuberculosis.

63. 隔离消毒(用开水煮病人用过的碗筷，毛巾，衣物。用消毒剂擦拭病人用过的家具等)。 (

63. Isolation disinfection (Boil the bowls and chopsticks used by the patient, towels, and clothing in boiling water. Wipe the furniture used by the patient with disinfectant, etc.).

64. 把预防做在前头，把疟疾除在源头

64. Take preventive measures ahead of time and eliminate malaria at its source.

65. 名词说明四勤：指勤剪指甲、勤理发、勤洗澡、勤换衣服。六不：不喝生水、不吃不洁食物、不吸烟、不用公开毛巾茶杯、不乱扔果皮纸屑、不随地吐痰。

65. The four "diligent" nouns refer to: frequently trimming nails, frequently getting haircuts, frequently taking showers, and frequently changing clothes. The six "no"s are: do not drink unboiled water, do not eat unclean food, do not smoke, do not use public towels and cups, do not litter with fruit peels and paper scraps, and do not spit on the ground.

66. 防治疟疾，消除贫困。

66. Prevent and control malaria, eliminate poverty.

67. 每天坚持适当的体育锻炼，以增强体质，保持良好的、充沛的精力。

67. Persist in engaging in appropriate physical exercise every day to strengthen one's physique and maintain good,充沛 vitality.

68. 厕所地面、门窗、墙壁、灯具、洗手盆池整洁；

68. The toilet floor, doors and windows, walls, lighting fixtures, and sink basins are clean and tidy.

69. 甲型肝炎：主要通过病人粪便污染水源，食物传播。乙型肝炎：主要通过血液及血液制品传播。

69. Hepatitis A: Mainly transmitted through contaminated water and food by the patient's feces. Hepatitis B: Mainly transmitted through blood and blood products.

70. 4弓：手指弯成弓状，十指弯曲紧扣，转动揉搓。

70. 4 Arch Fingers: Bend your fingers into an arch shape, with all ten fingers curled and tightly clasped, then rotate and knead.

71. 妊娠时性激素水平、阴道内糖原和酸度都会增高，容易受霉菌侵袭。对孕妇而言，不宜使用口服药物，而应选择针对局部的预防和辅助治疗方案。

71. During pregnancy, the levels of sex hormones, vaginal glycogen, and acidity all increase, making it more susceptible to fungal infections. For pregnant women, it is not advisable to use oral medications, and instead, local preventive and supportive treatment options should be chosen.

72. 其它： 炭疽、布鲁氏菌病、急性出血性眼结膜炎(红眼病)等。

72. Other diseases: Anthrax, Brucellosis, Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (red eye disease), etc.

73. 正确选择牙刷：要使用自已的牙刷刷牙。应该购买和使用保健牙刷，而不要用不合格的牙刷(如刷毛太硬或刷毛太密)刷牙。同时要注意保持牙刷的清洁卫生和好的状态(如牙刷的毛不能歪倒脱落)，最好每3个月更换一把。

73. Proper selection of a toothbrush: Use your own toothbrush for brushing. It is advisable to purchase and use a health care toothbrush instead of using substandard ones (such as those with too hard bristles or too dense bristles). At the same time, attention should be paid to keeping the toothbrush clean and in good condition (such as ensuring the bristles do not fall out or become crooked), and it is best to replace it every three months.

74. 老鼠、苍蝇、蚊子，很容易传播病毒，所以灭掉他们的工作是很重要的。

74. Rats, flies, and mosquitoes are very easy to spread viruses, so the work of eradicating them is very important.

75. 注意用眼卫生：不要在强光下看书，不要在行走的车上看书，不要躺着看书，不用脏手揉眼睛。

75. Pay attention to eye hygiene: Do not read in bright light, do not read while in a moving vehicle, do not read lying down, and do not rub your eyes with dirty hands.

76. 四害可以传播许多种传染病，每年都要夺去人类千万生命，另外，还使更多的人生病，损害健康，影响生产和经济发展；再说四害的繁殖力甚强，孽生迅速，稍为放松一下，又会到处为害。因此，一定要人人动手，坚持不懈，反复斗争，突击与经常相结合，因地制宜地来消灭四害，方能除尽。

76. The four pests can spread many kinds of infectious diseases, taking away tens of thousands of human lives each year. Additionally, they cause many more people to fall ill, harm health, and affect production and economic development. Moreover, the four pests have a strong reproductive capacity and multiply rapidly; if we relax our efforts slightly, they will once again cause havoc everywhere. Therefore, it is essential for everyone to take action, be persistent, carry out repeated struggles, combine intensive campaigns with routine efforts, and eliminate the four pests in a way that suits local conditions; only then can we completely eradicate them.

77. 五病：痢疾、伤寒、病毒性肝炎等消化道传染病（包括病原携带者），活动性肺结核，化脓性或者渗出性皮肤病以及其他有碍食品卫生的疾病。

77. Five diseases: dysentery, typhoid fever, viral hepatitis, and other gastrointestinal infectious diseases (including carriers of pathogens), active pulmonary tuberculosis, suppurative or exudative skin diseases, and other diseases that hinder food hygiene.