1. 夏有三伏，初伏是夏至以后第三个庚日起，第四个庚日是中伏，立秋后第一个庚日是末伏，初伏、末伏各十天，中伏十天或二十天。此言是指末伏与立秋同日，节气不合，所以田种了，还要犁翻再种。

1. There are three periods of heat in summer. The first period of heat begins from the third Jia day after the Summer Solstice, the fourth Jia day is the middle period of heat, and the first Jia day after the Autumn Equinox is the last period of heat. The first and last periods of heat last for ten days each, while the middle period of heat lasts for ten or twenty days. This refers to the situation where the last period of heat coincides with the Autumn Equinox, resulting in an imbalance in the solar terms. Therefore, after planting the fields, the land needs to be plowed and sown again.

2. 不怕初一阴，就怕初二下。 久晴大雾必阴，久雨大雾必晴。 十雾九晴。

2. "It's not the first day's cloudy weather that I fear, but the second day's descending fog. Long periods of sunny weather will lead to heavy fog, and long periods of rainy weather will bring clear skies. Nine out of ten times, fog leads to sunny weather."

3. 日落乌云涨，半夜听雨响。 四季东风四季晴，只怕东风起响声。 东虹日头西虹雨。

3. Clouds gather as the sun sets, the sound of rain heard in the dead of night. East wind brings sunshine in all four seasons, yet I fear the east wind's loud roar. East rainbow brings the sun, west rainbow brings rain.

4. 端阳下雨，一般接下会连续下雨，对夏收夏种有利；芒种时节下雷阵雨也是丰产的征兆，因为此时农作物需要水，尤其是沿海地区的甘薯需水灌溉。

4. If it rains during the Dragon Boat Festival, it usually leads to continuous rainfall afterward, which is beneficial for summer harvest and planting. Thunderstorms during the Grain in Ear season are also a sign of a bountiful harvest, as crops at this time require water, especially sweet potatoes in coastal areas that need irrigation.

5. 河里鱼打花，天天有雨下。 久雨必有久晴，久晴必有久雨。 冷得早，暖得早。

5. Fish in the river play flowers, rain falls every day. Long rain must lead to long sunshine, and long sunshine must lead to long rain. It gets cold early, and it gets warm early.

6. 空山回声响，天气晴又朗。 早晨下雨当日晴，晚上下雨到天明。 云交云，雨淋淋。

6. The sound echoes in the empty mountains, the weather is clear and bright. Rain falls in the morning, and it's sunny throughout the day. Rain falls at night, continuing until dawn. Clouds meet, and it rains heavily.

7. 清明谷雨时节，大小麦最忌晦雨天气，要是连月不开，就会严重影响大小麦的生长和收成。

7. During the Qingming and Guyu seasons, wheat and barley are most忌讳rainy weather. If it remains cloudy and rainy for consecutive months, it will severely affect the growth and yield of wheat and barley.

8. 种子与农业 种子建设

8. Seeds and Agriculture: Seed Development

9. 月亮撑蓝伞 多风去

9. The moon holds a blue umbrella, windy departure

10. 西北天开锁 午后见太阳

10. Northwest sky opens lock, see the sun in the afternoon.

11. 久雨刮南风 天气将转晴

11. After a long period of rain, the south wind blows, indicating that the weather will turn sunny.

12. 热天一口塘，冬天一张床。

12. In hot weather, a pond is a mouthful; in winter, a bed is enough.

13. 朝起红霞晚落雨 晚起红霞晒死鱼

13. Rising red dawn, rain sets in the evening; rising red dusk, fish fry to death.

14. 八月十五云遮月，正月十五雪打灯：这句话的意思是如果在中秋节晚上天空有云层遮挡月亮，那么在来年的正月十五元宵节时可能会下雪。这是因为这两个节日的时间相隔较远，天气系统的变化也会有所不同。

14. On the 15th of August, clouds obscure the moon; on the 15th of January, snow beats on the lanterns: This saying means that if there are clouds blocking the moon on the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival, it may snow on the Lantern Festival (Yuanxiao Festival) on the 15th of the next January. This is because the two festivals are separated by a considerable amount of time, and the changes in weather systems will also differ.

15. 燕子低飞 天将雨

15. Swallows flying low, rain is on its way.

16. 秫谷必须早插，一般都在谷雨立夏时，如果拖到立夏插秧就误了季节，不会有收成。

16. Sorghum must be planted early, usually around the time of Guyu (Grain in Ear) and Lixia (Start of Summer). If the planting is delayed to Lixia, it will be too late for the season, and there will be no harvest.

17. 长虫过道，下雨之兆，蛤蟆哇哇叫，大雨就要到。

17. A long worm crossing the path, a sign of rain. Frogs croaking loudly, a heavy rain is about to come.

18. 天有铁砧云 地下雨淋淋

18. The sky has iron anvil clouds, the ground is drenched with rain.

19. 风向风速变化：夏季的主导风向通常是东南风或南风，而随着秋季的到来，风向逐渐转变为西北风或北风。这种风向的变化与气温的降低相一致。由于秋季气温变化大，风速也会变得不稳定，有时会出现大风、风暴等天气现象。这些天气变化可能会对人们的出行和生活造成一定的影响。

19. Change in wind direction and speed: The dominant wind direction in summer is usually the southeast wind or the south wind, and as autumn approaches, the wind direction gradually shifts to the northwest wind or the north wind. This change in wind direction is consistent with the decrease in temperature. Due to the large temperature changes in autumn, the wind speed becomes unstable, and sometimes there may be strong winds, storms, and other weather phenomena. These weather changes may have some impact on people's travel and daily life.

20. 云绞云 雨淋淋

20. Cloud entwined with cloud, rain pouring down.

21. 蚯蚓路上爬，雨水乱如麻，蝼蛄唱歌，天气晴和 字串4

21. Earthworms crawl on the path, raindrops fall in a mess, the mole sings, the weather is fine.

22. 温度变化：秋季的温度变化是由于太阳直射点逐渐向南移动，导致接收到的太阳辐射能逐渐减少。这种变化在北半球通常表现为逐渐降低的温度。在初秋，气温下降较慢，但随着时间的推移，温度下降的速度会逐渐加快。这种温度变化也导致昼夜温差较大，往往出现早晚较冷、中午相对较热的情况。

22. Temperature change: The temperature change in autumn is due to the gradual southward movement of the sun's direct radiation point, leading to a gradual decrease in the received solar radiation energy. This change is usually manifested as a gradual decrease in temperature in the Northern Hemisphere. In early autumn, the temperature drops slowly, but as time goes by, the rate of temperature drop accelerates. This temperature change also leads to a significant difference between day and night temperatures, often resulting in cooler temperatures in the morning and evening, and relatively warmer temperatures at noon.

23. 人往屋里钻，稻在田里窜。

23. People crawl into the house, rice crops surge in the fields.

24. 暑伏不热，五谷不结；寒冬不冷，六畜不稳。

24. If the Dog Days are not hot, the five grains will not mature; if the winter is not cold, the six domestic animals will be restless.

25. 六月盖被，有谷无米。

25. June: Covered with hay, but without rice.

26. 人不在大小，马不在高低。人往高处走，水往低处流。

26. It does not matter how big or small a person is, nor how tall or short a horse is. People strive to go upward, while water flows downward.

27. 壶山缚腰指山腰有云雾，是有雨的征兆，因为秫谷需早插，且喜雨，所以农民在开春时盼望春雨的来临。

27. The "Gourd Mountain tied at the waist" refers to the condition where there is mist on the mountain halfway up, which is a sign of impending rain. Since sorghum needs to be planted early and it enjoys rain, the farmers look forward to the arrival of spring rain when the spring begins.

28. 包谷种不晒，一冬必得坏。 宁要一斗种，不要一斗金。

28. If corn seeds are not sun-dried, they will definitely go bad over the winter. It's better to have a measure of seeds than a measure of gold.

29. 雷公先唱歌，有雨也不多。 一场秋雨一场寒，十场秋雨穿上棉。 东北风，雨太公。

29. Lei Gong sings first, and even with rain, it won't be too much. One autumn rain brings a chill, ten autumn rains require cotton clothing. Northeast wind, heavy rain, the rain god is visiting.

30. 芒种大家乐，夏至不着棉；小暑不算热，大暑在伏天。

30. When the Grain in Ear Festival comes, everyone is joyful; on the Summer Solstice, cotton is not worn; not too hot on the Minor Heat, but the Great Heat falls during the Dog Days.

31. 蜜蜂迟归 雨来风吹

31. The bees return late, rain and wind are coming.

32. 清早宝塔云，下午雨倾盆。 先雷后雨雨必小，先雨后雷雨必大。 东风下雨，西风晴。

32. In the morning, pagodas are draped in clouds; in the afternoon, rain falls in torrents. If thunder comes before rain, the rain will be light; if rain comes before thunder, the rain will be heavy. When the east wind brings rain, the west wind brings sunshine.

33. 天顶灰暗成为雨天先兆的道理等到大气稳定了,所有水汽尘埃都密集在地面低空,这样平视的能见度恶劣,而垂直的能见度优良,所以显得天顶光亮,地平灰暗,既然大气变得稳定了,所以天不再下雨了。

33. The reason why a dim zenith is a sign of rain is that when the atmosphere becomes stable, all water vapor and dust particles are concentrated in the low atmosphere near the ground. This results in poor horizontal visibility, while vertical visibility is good, making the zenith appear bright and the horizon dim. Since the atmosphere has become stable, it no longer rains.

34. 老牛抬头朝天嗅，雨临头；马嘴朝天，大雨在前。

34. The old ox looks up to the sky and sniffs, rain is about to fall; The horse's mouth is up, and a heavy rain is approaching.

35. 农历正月初九那天如果天气寒冷，以后多雨，有利于秧苗生长；如果那天气候暖和，以后缺雨，则不利于秧苗生长。

35. On the ninth day of the lunar New Year, if the weather is cold, it will be followed by more rain, which is beneficial for seedling growth; if the weather is warm that day, followed by a lack of rain, it will be unfavorable for seedling growth.

36. 夏至，爱呷不爱去。

36. Solstice, love to eat, not to go.

37. 秋起东风马牛不相及 秋不论，冬起东风雪边天

37. In autumn, the east wind brings a contrast between horses and cows; in winter, the east wind heralds snow on the border of the sky.

38. 月亮撑红伞 有大雨

38. The moon holds a red umbrella, indicating a heavy rain.

39. 啸风兼炽焰，挥汗讶成流。

39. Roaring winds blend with blazing flames, sweat flows in astonishment.

40. 阴历四月将近夏令，四月底要是晴雨得宜，则可望早稻丰收，反之就会歉收。

40. The lunar April is nearing summer, and if there is a suitable amount of sunshine and rain at the end of April, an abundant harvest of early rice can be expected; otherwise, a poor yield would result.

41. 热不马上**，冷不马上穿棉。

41. Don't wear cotton immediately when hot, and don't wear it immediately when cold.

42. 烟囱不冒烟，一定是阴天。 水缸出汗蛤蟆叫，不久将有大雨到。 一日南风，三日关门

42. When the chimney doesn't smoke, it must be a cloudy day. When the water jar sweats and toads croak, a heavy rain is coming soon. A south wind for a day, a closed door for three days.

43. 要热是火口子，要亲是两口子。

43. If you want to be hot, you are a "fire mouth"; if you want to be intimate, you are a "couple."

44. 秋老虎：秋老虎是指立秋后短期回热的天气，通常发生在8月至9月之间。由于天气突然变热，人们会感到炎热难耐，但这种天气不会持续太久，一般几天或一周左右。

44. Autumn Tiger: The "Autumn Tiger" refers to a short period of heatwave that occurs after the Autumn Equinox, usually between August and September. Due to the sudden increase in temperature, people may find the heat unbearable, but this weather does not last long, generally a few days or about a week.

45. 这句话的意思就是地平线上特显光明，表示还要继续下雨；反之,如果地平线上比较灰暗，天顶上显得光亮,这是天气转晴的预兆。下雨天因为空气扰动的结果，地面的水汽尘埃都被吹向上空，所以平视的能见度特别好，而垂直能见度较恶劣，这就是天边光亮。

45. The meaning of this sentence is that there is a bright light on the horizon, indicating that it will continue to rain; conversely, if the horizon is more dim and the zenith appears bright, this is a sign that the weather will clear up. On rainy days, due to the disturbance of the air, the moisture and dust on the ground are blown up into the sky, so the visibility when looking straight ahead is particularly good, while the vertical visibility is poor, which is why the sky at the horizon appears bright.