1. 孔明斩马谡明正军纪

1. Kongming beheads Ma Su to uphold military discipline.

2. 公元227年，诸葛亮向刘禅上了一篇奏章，即著名的《出师表》。

2. In the year 227 AD, Zhuge Liang submitted an memorial to Liu Shan, which is the famous "Declaration of the Campaign."

3. 东吴杀关公害人反害己

3. The Eastern Wu killed Guan Gong and harmed others, only to harm themselves in return.

4. 诸葛亮斩马谡执法如山；不念旧情；忘了旧情；违心办事；含泪决定的

4. Zhuge Liang executed Ma Sui with the firmness of law; he did not cherish old feelings; he forgot old feelings; he acted against his will; he made the decision with tears in his eyes.

5. 事后，诸葛亮向后主刘禅上表，要求免去自己丞相职务，降级三等，以处罚自己用人不当，造成败绩的重大过失。这时他才想起，刘备临终时嘱咐自己说，马谡此人言语浮夸，超过他的实际能力，不可重用，要留意才是。由于自己没有照此办理，结果铸成了大错。

5. Subsequently, Zhuge Liang submitted a memorial to Emperor Liu Shang, requesting to be relieved of his position as Prime Minister and demoted three grades, to punish his major oversight of employing inappropriate individuals, which led to the defeat. At this point, he remembered that at the time of Liu Bei's death, he had instructed him, "Ma Sui is a man whose words are extravagant, surpassing his actual abilities; he should not be heavily relied upon, and one should be vigilant about him." Due to his failure to follow this instruction, he had made a huge mistake.

6. 蒋干盗书上了大当

6. Jiang Gan was greatly deceived by the stolen letter.

7. 黄忠射关公手下留情

7. Huang Zhong shoots at Guan Gong but shows mercy.

8. 孔明弹琴退仲达好沈著

8. Kongming played the guqin to retreat Zhongda, demonstrating great composure.

9. 孔明挥泪斩马谡明正军纪

9. Kongming shed tears as he executed Ma Su to uphold military discipline.

10. 画上的关公脸红耳赤

10. Guan Yu in the painting has a flushed face and red ears.

11. 滔滔不绝：唐玄宗——李隆基有个宰相叫张九龄，因善于言谈而出名。他见唐玄宗疏于朝政，就多次进言劝谏。张九龄主张任人唯贤，广揽人才，并设置了选拔人才的专门机构。每当他与宾客们谈论起经书时，总是滔滔不竭。后来由于得罪权贵李林甫，张九龄被罢免了宰相职务。

11. Fluent and eloquent: Emperor Xuanzong of Tang—Li Longji had a prime minister named Zhang Jiuling, who was famous for his eloquence. Seeing that Emperor Xuanzong was negligent in his handling of state affairs, Zhang Jiuling repeatedly offered advice and谏诤. Zhang Jiuling advocated for appointing people based on their virtue and talent, widely attracting talent, and established special institutions for selecting talents. Whenever he discussed classics with guests, he was always fluent and eloquent. Later, due to offending the powerful minister Li Linfu, Zhang Jiuling was dismissed from his position as prime minister.

12. 曹操下宛城大败而逃

12. Cao Cao was soundly defeated and fled from the city of Yanzheng.

13. 晋朝时，有一位大学问家，名叫郭象，字子玄。

13. During the Jin Dynasty, there was a great scholar named Guo Xiang, whose style name was Zixuan.

14. 张飞摆屠案凶神恶煞

14. Zhang Fei set up a butchering table with a fierce and menacing aura.

15. 孔明的计策神机妙算

15. Kongming's strategies were masterful and cunning.

16. 关帝庙里拜观音找错了门

16. In the Guandi Temple, I worshipped Guanyin at the wrong door.

17. 诸葛亮要丑妻为事业着想

17. Zhuge Liang wants his ugly wife to think about the cause.

18. 空有名望。 指有名无实。

18. Merely a name. It refers to having a reputation without substance.

19. 孔明借箭有借无还

19. Kongming's borrowing of arrows, with no return.

20. 诸葛亮挥泪斩马谡顾全大局

20. Zhuge Liang shed tears as he executed Ma Su for the sake of the overall situation.

21. 出处：明·罗贯中《三国演义》第九十五回:“却说司马懿回到寨中，使人打听是何将引兵守街亭。回报曰:‘乃马良之弟马谡也。’懿笑曰:‘徒有虚名，乃庸才耳！’”

21. Source: Chapter 95 of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" by Luo Guanzhong of the Ming Dynasty: "As for Sima Yi, upon returning to his camp, he sent someone to inquire which general led the troops to guard the street. The reply was: 'It is Ma Liang's younger brother, Ma Su.' Sima Yi smiled and said, 'He is merely a man with an empty reputation; he is no talent at all!'"

22. 孔明斩马谡咬牙忍痛

22. Zhuge Liang beheads Ma Sui, gritting his teeth and enduring the pain.

23. 出自相关成语故事，为马谡的骄傲自大导致街亭被破，街亭对于蜀魏都至关重要，而且领军的人偏偏又是诸葛丞相十分赏识的人。

23. Derived from a story of a Chinese idiom, Ma Su's pride and arrogance led to the capture of the strategic pass of Jiading, which was crucial for both Shu and Wei. Moreover, the person leading the troops was someone highly favored by Zhuge Liang.

24. 诸葛亮皱眉头计上心来；计上心头

24. Zhuge Liang furrowed his brow and a plan came to mind; a plan came to him spontaneously.

25. 猛张飞舞刀杀气腾腾

25. Ma Zhangfei swings his sword with a fierce and menacing aura.

26. 张飞卖豆腐人强货不硬

26. Zhang Fei selling tofu, the man is strong but the tofu is not hard.

27. 次年春，他率军伐魏。由于他忘记了刘备的忠告，派马谡去驻守战略要地街亭，致使街亭失守，伐魏失败。到了这时，诸葛亮才想到刘备是何等的英明，自己信用马谡又是何等的愚蠢。自己没有听从先帝的遗言，终于造成北伐的失败，实在太不应该了。

27. The following spring, he led his troops to attack Wei. Because he forgot Liu Bei's advice and sent Ma Su to garrison the strategically important place of Wei Street, Wei Street was lost and the attack on Wei failed. At this point, Zhuge Liang realized how wise Liu Bei was, and how foolish he was to trust Ma Su. For not heeding the words of the late emperor, he had ultimately led to the failure of the northern expedition, which was truly most inappropriate.

28. 鼓：战鼓；角：古代军队中的乐器，即号角。战鼓响，号角鸣。形容军队出击时的雄壮阵势。

28. Drum: War drum; Horn: An ancient military musical instrument, i.e., a bugle. The war drum resounds, the horn sounds. This describes the grand and majestic formation of the army as it advances.

29. 攻心为上[ gōng xīn wèi shàng ]

29. Winning the hearts and minds is the highest strategy [gōng xīn wèi shàng].

30. 张飞睡觉不闭眼

30. Zhang Fei sleeps with his eyes open.

31. 鼓角齐鸣[ gǔ jiǎo qí míng ]

31. Trumpets and drums sound together [gǔ jiǎo qí míng]

32. 徒有虚名[ tú yǒu xū míng ]

32. Be all talk and no action [tú yǒu xū míng]

33. 朝廷一再派人来请他做官。他推辞不掉，只得答应了，到朝中做了黄门侍郎。到了京城，由于他的知识很丰富，所以无论对什么事情都能说得头头是道，再加上他的口才很好，又非常喜欢发表自己的见解，因此每当人们听他谈论时，都觉得津津有味。

33. The court repeatedly sent messengers to invite him to take up an official position. He couldn't refuse, and had no choice but to agree, eventually becoming the Minister of the Imperial Secretariat. Upon arriving in the capital, due to his vast knowledge, he could discuss any matter with ease and make a clear argument. Moreover, he had excellent oratory skills and was very fond of expressing his own opinions. Therefore, whenever people listened to him talk, they found it thoroughly enjoyable.

34. 口蜜腹剑：唐玄宗（李隆基）的兵部尚书李林甫，论才艺，也还不错，一手字，画都很好，但他做官却不真真诚诚的办事，而是一味迁就和迎合玄宗的意旨。不但如此，他还用些不正当的方法结交玄宗亲信的宦官和妃子，李林甫和一般人接触，也总是在外貌上表现出和人很友好，非常合作，嘴里并说尽所有可以说的好听的、善意的话。可是实际上，他的性情和他的表面态度完全相反；他竟是一个非常狡猖阴险，常常使坏主意来害人的人。但是，坏人虽然有时可以得达害人的目的，逞奸谋于一时，日子久了，人家就发现了地这种伪善，于是大家便在背地里说他“口有蜜、腹有剑”。

34. Sweet words and sharp sword: Li Linfu, the Minister of War under Emperor Xuanzong (Li Longji) of the Tang Dynasty, was quite competent in terms of talent and artistry. His calligraphy and paintings were both excellent. However, he was not sincere in his official duties, but rather always accommodated and catered to Emperor Xuanzong's will. Moreover, he used some unscrupulous methods to ingratiate himself with the eunuchs and concubines who were close to Emperor Xuanzong. When Li Linfu interacted with ordinary people, he always appeared very friendly and cooperative on the surface, and he would say all sorts of pleasant and kind words that could be said. However, in reality, his character was completely opposite to his outward demeanor; he was actually a very cunning and cunning person who often came up with evil schemes to harm others. Although evil people can sometimes achieve their goal of harming others and indulge in cunning plots for a while, as time goes by, others discover this hypocrisy, and then they secretly say about him that "his mouth is sweet but his heart is full of sword."

35. 出处：《三国志·蜀志·马谡传》:“每引见谈论，自昼达夜。”裴松之注引《襄阳记》:“用兵之道，攻心为上，攻城为下。心战为上，兵战为下。”

35. Source: "The Records of the Three Kingdoms · Shu · Ma Su": "Every time he was summoned to discuss matters, it went from day to night." Pei Songzhi's annotations quoted from "The Records of Xiangyang": "The way of warfare, conquering the enemy's will is the most important, while conquering cities is the least important. Psychological warfare is the most important, while military combat is the least important."

36. 张飞拆桥有勇无谋

36. Zhang Fei was brave but lacked cunning in destroying the bridge.

37. 马谡爱好谈论军事，丞相诸葛亮很看重他。但是，刘备总觉得马谡好高谈阔论，说话不踏实。刘备临死前，曾经对诸葛亮说：“马谡此人言语浮夸。超过他的实际能力，不可重用。丞相要留意才是!”

37. Ma Su was fond of discussing military affairs, and Prime Minister Zhuge Liang highly valued him. However, Liu Bei always felt that Ma Su talked grandly without substance and was not reliable in his speech. Before his death, Liu Bei once said to Zhuge Liang, "Ma Su's words are extravagant. They exceed his actual abilities, and he should not be heavily relied upon. Prime Minister, you must be careful!"